BRONZE AGE AND EARLY IRON AGE
Bronze Age and Early Iron Age
For earlier events, see Timeline of human prehistory.The Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use) included techniques for smelting copper and tin from naturally-occurring outcroppings of copper ores, and then combining those ores to cast bronze. These naturally-occurring ores typically included arsenic as a common impurity. Copper/tin ores are rare, as reflected in the fact that there were no tin bronzes in western Asia before 3000 BC. In some parts of the world, a Copper Age follows the Neolithic and precedes the Bronze Age.
The Iron Age was the stage in the development of any people in which tools and weapons whose main ingredient was iron were prominent. The adoption of this material coincided with other changes in some past societies often including differing agricultural practices, religious beliefs and artistic styles, although this was not always the case.
- 3200 BC: Newgrange built in Ireland.
- 3200 BC: Cycladic civilization in Greece
- 3200 BC: Norte Chico civilization begins in Peru
- 3200 BC: Rise of Proto-Elamite Civilization in Iran
- 3100 BC: Skara Brae in Scotland
- 3100 BC: First dynasty of Egypt
- c. 3000 BC: Egyptian calendar
- c. 3000 BC: Stonehenge construction begins. In its first version, it consisted of a circular ditch and bank, with 56 wooden posts.[2]
- 3000 BC: Jiroft civilization begins in Iran
- 2800 BC: Kot Diji phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins
- 2800 BC: Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period in China
- 2700 BC: Minoan Civilization ancient palace city Knossos reach 80,000 inhabitants
- 2700 BC: Rise of Elam in Iran
- 2700 BC: The Old Kingdom begins in Egypt
- 2600 BC: Oldest known surviving literature: Sumerian texts from Abu Salabikh, including the Instructions of Shuruppak and the Kesh temple hymn.
- 2600 BC: Mature Harappan phase of the Indus Valley civilization (in present-day Pakistan and India) begins
- 2600 BC: Emergence of Maya culture in the Yucatán Peninsula
- 2560 BC: King Khufu completes the Great Pyramid of Giza.
- 2500 BC: The mammoth goes extinct.
- 2200 -2100 BC: 4.2 kiloyear event: a severe aridification phase, likely connected to a Bond event, which was registered throughout most North Africa, Middle East and continental North America. Related droughts very likely caused the collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and of the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia.
- 2200 BC: completion of Stonehenge.
- 2000 BC: Believed birth year of Abraham in Ur of the Chaldeans, Mesopotamia, who is the father of Abrahamic Religions which as of the 21st Century AD are adhered to by more than 50% of humanity;[3] Domestication of the horse
- 1800 BC: alphabetic writing emerges
- 1700 BC: Indus Valley Civilization comes to an end but is continued by the Cemetery H culture; The beginning of Poverty Point Civilization in North America
- 1600 BC: Mycenaean Greece
- 1600 BC: The beginning of Shang Dynasty in China, evidence of a fully developed Chinese writing system
- 1600 BC: Beginning of Hittite dominance of the Eastern Mediterranean region
- 1500 BC: Composition of the Rigveda is completed
- 1496 BC: Traditional date for giving of the Ten Commandments to Moses at Mount Sinai ushering in monotheistic religion
- 1200 BC: The Hallstatt culture
- 1200-1150 BC: Bronze Age collapse in Southwestern Asia and in the Eastern Mediterranean region. This period is also the setting of the Iliad and the Odyssey epic poems (which were composed about four centuries later).
- c. 1180 BC: Disintegration of Hittite Empire
- 1100 BC: Use of Iron spreads.
- 1046 BC: The Zhou force (led by King Wu of Zhou) overthrow the last king of Shang Dynasty; Zhou Dynasty established in China
- 1020 to 930 BC: The beginning of the Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) occurred sometime between these dates
- 800 BC: Rise of Greek
city-states
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